Introduction
In the era of risk-driven investments, internet institutions are moving beyond payment technology innovations to explore the next "internet-scale" disruptive technology. Blockchain, the foundation behind Bitcoin, introduces decentralized characteristics like peer-to-peer transactions,全网记账防伪防重 (network-wide anti-counterfeiting and anti-duplication accounting), and rule-driven mechanisms. These features starkly contrast with traditional "centralized control" systems, positioning blockchain as a focal point for global research and investment.
This article examines blockchain's viability as a支撑技术 (supporting technology) for digital currencies and proposes a technical implementation framework.
Defining Digital Currency
Traditional货币 (currency) assumes法定货币 (fiat money) as the standard, fulfilling roles like value measurement,流通手段 (circulation medium), and支付手段 (payment method). In the digital age, perceptions have expanded to include "any legally or socially accepted payment method."
Key distinctions:
- Digital Currency: 法定电子现金 (legal electronic cash) issued by货币当局 (monetary authorities), stored electronically with cash-like properties.
- Electronic Money: Account-linked记账式货币 (account-based money), e.g., card payments.
- 虚拟货币 (Virtual Currency): Non-fiat instruments like Bitcoin or commercial tokens (Q币), valued purely by markets.
Core Characteristics
Digital currencies must exhibit:
- Security: Resilient against cyberattacks via decentralized或多中心 (multi-center) models.
- Controlled Anonymity: Balances privacy with anti-money laundering needs—no实名制 (real-name system) but traceable线索信息 (clue information).
- Non-Repeatability: Unique IDs, irreversible transactions, and tamper-proof histories.
- Periodicity: Supports algorithmic "换版" (version updates) for密钥泄露 (key leaks) or network breaches.
- System Independence: Functions offline, convertible with现金 (cash), and adaptable to disasters.
System Architecture Requirements
Two-Tiered Structure
A "控制中心 (Control Center)—登记中心 (Registration Center)" framework ensures发行 (issuance) and流通 (circulation):
- Control Center: Monitors system operations.
- Registration Centers: Handle货币发行 (currency issuance) and换版 via cloud computing and量子通信 (quantum communication).
Encryption Technologies
Combination加密算法 (encryption algorithms) protect:
- 持币人 (holders)
- 网络节点 (network nodes)
- 交易 (transactions)
Custom-designed by national密码管理机构 (cryptographic authorities), these algorithms借鉴 (draw lessons from) blockchain’s "algorithmic transparency" approach.
Distributed Ledger Innovations
- Partitioned Accounting: Enhances efficiency for高频支付 (high-frequency payments) via localized记账区域 (accounting zones).
- Digital Signatures: Increases篡改难度 (tampering difficulty) without full全网副本 (network-wide replication).
Digital Wallets
Smartphones, as optimal载体 (carriers), require:
- 可信执行环境 (Trusted Execution Environments)
- 硬件安全模块 (Hardware Security Modules)
- Bluetooth/NFC for POS-independent transactions.
Conclusion
Digital currencies represent a historic evolution toward "有管理的货币" (managed currencies). While Bitcoin serves as a实验室产品 (lab prototype), blockchain’s current strengths lie in低频场景 (low-frequency applications) like证券发行 (securities issuance).
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FAQs
1. How does blockchain ensure transaction security?
Through decentralized consensus, cryptographic hashing, and immutable ledgers resistant to单点故障 (single-point failures).
2. Can digital currencies replace cash entirely?
Not immediately—they aim to部分替代 (partially replace) cash while coexisting with electronic systems.
3. What’s the role of量子计算 (quantum computing) in encryption?
It threatens current非对称算法 (asymmetric algorithms), necessitating quantum-resistant cryptography.
4. Why avoid实名制 for digital currencies?
Controlled anonymity balances privacy with regulatory needs, unlike电子货币’s account ties.
5. How do wallets prevent篡改 (tampering)?
Via secure enclaves and real-time environment checks for关键敏感信息 (critical sensitive data).